毛白杨静态压缩力学性能研究及吸能分析

目的 获取毛白杨的静态压缩力学性能.方法 针对含水率为14.6％,密度为0.544 g/cm3的毛白杨木材试件进行静态压缩实验,通过实验获得毛白杨顺纹、横纹径向和横纹弦向的抗压模量、准静态压缩应力-应变曲线,并对不同方向的吸能特性进行分析.结果 毛白杨木材顺纹、横纹径向和横纹弦向抗压弹性模量分别为10.49 GPa、887和504 MPa;顺纹方向加载试件破坏形式表现为轴向屈曲,横纹径向为沿径向的裂纹及破坏,横纹弦向的破坏模式则为沿木纹纤维间的分离破坏.结论 在相同变形(应变相等)情况下,毛白杨木材单位体积吸能沿顺纹方向压缩吸收的能量最大.在应变小于0.45情况下,横纹径向和弦向压缩吸能曲线基本重合,随着应变继续增加,横纹弦向压缩吸能略大于横纹径向压缩吸能.     

三倍体毛白杨引种育苗试验研究

采用2000年引进的三倍数体毛白杨73、80、96、330、331及本地繁育的303、304、305等品种在不同土壤上进行育苗、造林试验.育苗试验表明:土壤质地及肥力对育苗成活率无明显影响,成活率引最高69.4%,苗木高、径生长8月达到高峰,最高达0.93 m (331号)和0.51 cm (96号);造林试验表明:造林成活率与土壤湿度、地下水位密切相关,生长量与品种及土质密切相关,造林密度为89-110株/667㎡,截干高度1.8-2.3 m为宜,综合表现以96号最佳.     

塔里木河地区胡杨—柽柳混交林的结构与功能

在调查塔里木河地区不同混交模式林分生产力、生物量及其分配状况、林分土壤养分分配状况、混交距离对胡杨生长的影响与不同林分土壤水源涵养能力的基础上,研究不同混交模式的结构与功能关系.结果表明,胡杨—柽柳块状混交林的生产力、生物量及其分配状况均好于胡杨—柽柳带状混交林与胡杨纯林.胡杨—柽柳块状混交林林下枯落物分解速度较快,积累量明显少于胡杨—柽柳带状混交林与胡杨纯林,说明胡杨—柽柳块状混交林具有较好的改良土壤作用,胡杨—柽柳块状混交林的土壤物理、化学性质及其涵养水源功能好于胡杨—柽柳混交林与胡杨纯林.此外,25 a胡杨—柽柳混交林混交距离应大于900 cm;混交方式采用块状混交能起到较好的效果.     

Vole response to unintentional changes in the chemistry of GM poplars

Summary.  There is an increased interest for the use of GM trees in forestry and several commercially promising lines are now available. However, the ecological implications of the use of GM trees, e.g. effects on non-target natural enemies, have rarely been explored. The aim of this study was to determine if modification of non-defensive traits in GM poplars unintentionally can influence plant chemistry in a way that has consequences for palatability to voles. In a greenhouse experiment, we used two lines, SPS33A and SPS26, of GM hybrid poplars (Populus tremula x tremuloides) with 1.5 and 4 times, respectively, over-expression sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS). This enzyme plays a central role in sucrose synthesis, affecting cold acclimation, mesophyll sucrose content and biomass production. As a control we used the isogenic unmodified wild type. Stems of these poplars were presented to bank voles and field voles in cafeteria experiments. The concentration of condensed tannins was higher in leaves of lines SPS33A and SPS26 than in the isogenic wild-type and the concentration of nitrogen was higher in line SPS33A than in both the wild-type and line SPS26. Although the bank voles consumed slightly less bark from SPS33A, there were no significant differences in the preference of bank vole or field vole for the different poplar lines. This indicates that the changes in plant chemistry were insufficient to produce any strong herbivore response or that alteration in tannins and nitrogen counteracted each other. Still, changes in the interactions between mammalian herbivores and GM trees are important to consider in future cost-benefits analyses of GM trees.     

浅析叶尔羌河流域胡杨林的演变规律及生态保护对策

胡杨是一个古老的第三纪孑遗树种,胡杨林生态系统在绿洲演替与发展的不同阶段发挥着主要作用.通过对叶尔羌河流域胡杨林的生存现状、演变规律的调查,总结和分析当前胡杨林存在的一些生态环境问题,结合其流域特征和流域总体规划,对叶尔羌河流域开发中胡杨林的保护对策进行探讨.     

胡杨、灰叶胡杨不同种源苗期生长动态研究

采用Logistic曲线对胡杨、灰叶胡杨不同种源苗高与地径生长进行拟合,并估测了速生期的2个拐点及其长度。结果表明:①高、径生长均符合"S"型曲线,年生长可划分为生长初期、速生期、硬化期三个时期;②径生长速生期起始时间均早于高生长,而结束时间要晚于高生长;③胡杨高、径生长速生期起始、结束时间均早于灰叶胡杨,并且持续天数也低于灰叶胡杨。     

杂交黑杨苗期植株在滇池湖滨带生长适应性研究初探

通过湖滨区引种种植无性系黑杨,观测分析其苗期生长规律,探讨杂交黑杨速生树种在滇池湖滨生态建设中具有的重要现实意义,从两年期无性系黑杨的发芽情况、成活率、材积量及适应性等多因子分析入手,为滇池湖滨生态恢复与建设工作实现可持续发展进行了有益的探索。